【編者按：普京和習(xí)近平日前出席了在巴西舉行的金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第六次會(huì)晤，先后訪問古巴并與菲德爾·卡斯特羅會(huì)晤。卡斯特羅在22日出版的古巴共產(chǎn)黨機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)《格拉瑪報(bào)》撰文，高度評(píng)價(jià)了與中俄兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)面以及金磚峰會(huì)取得的成果，并指出中俄應(yīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界新秩序。全文如下，觀察者網(wǎng)張廣凱譯自《格拉瑪報(bào)》網(wǎng)站英文版，原題“It is time to know a little more about realities”?！?/p>

能在我們黨的機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)頭版刊文是一種榮譽(yù)，但我已經(jīng)請(qǐng)求《格拉瑪報(bào)》的編輯部把我解放出來。因?yàn)槲蚁胍谖恼轮斜磉_(dá)一些自己的觀點(diǎn)，而由于健康和時(shí)間的制約，這些觀點(diǎn)沒法事先向黨和國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，比如說黨代會(huì)和全國(guó)人民政權(quán)代表大會(huì)(National Assembly of People's Power)進(jìn)行陳述。

眾所周知，在我們的時(shí)代，問題日益復(fù)雜，新聞總是以光速被生產(chǎn)出來。只要你想要并且還能夠?qū)W習(xí)一些新東西，在今天的世界上總是能夠做到。

人類是道德和盲目直覺的奇怪混合體。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間7月22日，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平在哈瓦那看望卡斯特羅

亞里士多德說，我們是政治動(dòng)物，這是不無道理的。亞里士多德對(duì)人類思想的影響，或許比任何一位古代哲學(xué)家都要大。據(jù)說他共有200多部論著，但其中只有31部流傳下來。亞里士多德的老師柏拉圖，給后代留下了理想國(guó)這一著名的烏托邦概念，而他在敘拉古對(duì)這一概念的實(shí)踐，幾乎讓他付出了生命的代價(jià)。那些關(guān)于某個(gè)理念“好壞”的研究，后來都是以亞里士多德的《政治學(xué)》書題來命名。

反動(dòng)派常常把馬克思和列寧描述成“理論家”，卻忽視了他們的烏托邦理念中還萌生了俄羅斯和中國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家，它們被視為能夠拯救人類的新世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者——如果帝國(guó)主義還沒有提前用一場(chǎng)罪惡的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)讓人類滅絕的話。

前蘇聯(lián)和整個(gè)社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)，包括中國(guó)和朝鮮，給我們提供了必須的物資和武器，幫助我們抵御了美國(guó)這個(gè)有史以來最強(qiáng)大的帝國(guó)的封鎖。盡管擁有強(qiáng)大的力量，美國(guó)人半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來用盡恐嚇、海盜襲擊、劫持漁船等種種手段，擊沉我們的商船，在巴巴多斯上空擊落古巴航空的飛機(jī)，燒毀我們的學(xué)校，犯下無數(shù)的罪行之后，仍然無力消滅一個(gè)距離他們海岸只有幾英里的小國(guó)。當(dāng)美國(guó)人用軍艦搭載著雇傭兵，試圖在第一時(shí)間入侵我們的國(guó)家，他們不到72個(gè)小時(shí)就遭到了失敗。此后，美國(guó)人組織和裝備起來的反革命團(tuán)伙的破壞行為，又造成了我們數(shù)千名同胞的死傷。

當(dāng)時(shí)，美國(guó)的佛羅里達(dá)州，是針對(duì)我們國(guó)家的敵對(duì)活動(dòng)的大本營(yíng)。而隨著時(shí)間的推移，北約國(guó)家和美國(guó)的拉丁美洲盟國(guó)也加入了經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁的行列，后者在那個(gè)年代淪為帝國(guó)罪行的幫兇，撕裂了玻利瓦爾、何塞·馬蒂和成百上千愛國(guó)者所獻(xiàn)身于的拉丁美洲革命之夢(mèng)。

我們小小的國(guó)家不僅像拉丁美洲和加勒比的許多國(guó)家一樣，被剝奪了獨(dú)立主權(quán)，遭受著剝削和壓迫，“命定擴(kuò)張論”（觀察者網(wǎng)注：Manifest Destiny，19世紀(jì)鼓吹美國(guó)對(duì)外侵略擴(kuò)張為天命所定的一種理論）還試圖把我們的島嶼變成美國(guó)領(lǐng)土的一部分。

在剛剛結(jié)束的福塔萊薩會(huì)議上，金磚國(guó)家組織通過了一項(xiàng)重要的宣言。

金磚組織提出加強(qiáng)同世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體，尤其是G20成員的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，以此來鞏固世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和穩(wěn)定的前景。

它們簽署了組建金磚國(guó)家開發(fā)銀行的協(xié)議，致力于調(diào)動(dòng)資源推動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，促進(jìn)金磚國(guó)家和其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。

這個(gè)銀行將會(huì)擁有1000億美元的授權(quán)資金，其中500億美元的初始注資由創(chuàng)始國(guó)平攤。該銀行首任理事會(huì)主席將由俄羅斯人擔(dān)任，首任董事會(huì)主席是巴西人，首任行長(zhǎng)是印度人，總部則設(shè)在上海。

他們還簽署了建立金磚國(guó)家應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)備的協(xié)議，初始資金1000億美元。

他們重申了對(duì)開放、透明、包容和非歧視性貿(mào)易政策，以及對(duì)世貿(mào)組織多哈回合談判的支持。

他們承認(rèn)國(guó)有企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要作用，也承認(rèn)中小企業(yè)是就業(yè)和財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造者。

他們重申需要對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)包括安理會(huì)進(jìn)行全面改革，使之更有代表性、合法性及更有效率，以更好地應(yīng)對(duì)全球挑戰(zhàn)。

他們重申，譴責(zé)一切形式和表現(xiàn)的恐怖主義，無論發(fā)生在何地。他們嚴(yán)重關(guān)切敘利亞持續(xù)存在的恐怖主義和極端主義威脅，同時(shí)呼吁敘利亞各方致力于結(jié)束基地組織及其從屬團(tuán)體或個(gè)人和其他恐怖組織策劃的恐怖行為。

他們強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)在任何情況下使用化學(xué)武器的行為，歡迎敘利亞決定加入《禁止化學(xué)武器公約》。

他們重申致力于在聯(lián)合國(guó)相關(guān)決議、馬德里原則和《阿拉伯和平倡議》等普遍認(rèn)可的國(guó)際法律框架下實(shí)現(xiàn)阿以沖突的全面、公正和持久解決，并支持盡早召開建立中東無核武器和其他大規(guī)模殺傷性武器國(guó)際會(huì)議。

他們重申探索和利用外太空應(yīng)出于和平目的。

他們重申伊朗核問題只能通過談判方式解決，支持通過政治和外交途徑以對(duì)話方式解決問題。

他們對(duì)伊拉克局勢(shì)深表關(guān)切，強(qiáng)烈支持伊拉克政府克服危機(jī)、維護(hù)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整的努力。

他們對(duì)烏克蘭局勢(shì)深表關(guān)切，呼吁開展全面對(duì)話，防止沖突升級(jí)，呼吁所有相關(guān)各方保持克制，以和平方式尋找政治解決方案。

他們譴責(zé)一切形式和表現(xiàn)的恐怖主義，指出聯(lián)合國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)包括《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》在內(nèi)的國(guó)際法，在尊重人權(quán)和基本自由的基礎(chǔ)上，在協(xié)調(diào)打擊恐怖主義的國(guó)際行動(dòng)方面發(fā)揮中心作用。

他們認(rèn)識(shí)到氣候變化是人類面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一，呼吁各國(guó)在《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》有關(guān)決定基礎(chǔ)上，在2015年前完成有關(guān)談判，根據(jù)公約原則和規(guī)定，特別是符合共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任及各自能力的原則，形成一份在公約框架下適用于所有締約方的議定書、其他形式的法律文書或具有法律效力的商定成果。

他們認(rèn)識(shí)到教育對(duì)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展和包容性增長(zhǎng)的戰(zhàn)略重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)文化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展之間的聯(lián)系。

下一屆金磚峰會(huì)將于2015年7月在俄羅斯召開。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間7月11日，俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京在訪問古巴期間看望卡斯特羅

這看上去不過是西方新聞機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)常報(bào)道的眾多共識(shí)中最新的一個(gè)，然而，其意義是明顯和重要的：美國(guó)在拉丁美洲制造的不平等體系，是這個(gè)星球上最為嚴(yán)重的。他們?cè)诶老硎苤鐕?guó)的財(cái)富、廉價(jià)的原材料供應(yīng)、商品傾銷市場(chǎng)，這里也成為各國(guó)金錢資本的目的地。

沒有人能夠找到一個(gè)辦法，來滿足今天市場(chǎng)的胃口，盡管沒有人能夠否認(rèn)，人類正在朝著一個(gè)比過去一切所知時(shí)代都更公平的方向發(fā)展。

歷史上的罪行是令人厭惡的，但今天最重要的是，在不久的將來這個(gè)全球化的世界上將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。

人類如何才能擺脫無知，獲得基本的食物、醫(yī)療、教育、住房、安全、有尊嚴(yán)的就業(yè)和公平的薪水？在這個(gè)宇宙的不起眼的小角落里，這些就是最重要的事情。如果說思考這些問題有什么意義的話，那就是實(shí)實(shí)在在地保證人類的高貴。

就我個(gè)人看來，我毫不懷疑習(xí)近平主席和普京總統(tǒng)在回到地球的另一面之后，將會(huì)帶領(lǐng)兩個(gè)國(guó)家開創(chuàng)人類歷史的新高峰。

金磚國(guó)家在2014年7月15日發(fā)表的福塔萊薩聲明，呼吁其他國(guó)家的更大程度參與，尤其是那些致力于自身發(fā)展的國(guó)家。他們希望推動(dòng)各國(guó)人民的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，尤其是南美洲人民。金磚國(guó)家的聲明中用顯著的段落提到了這一點(diǎn)，認(rèn)識(shí)到南美國(guó)家聯(lián)盟在促進(jìn)區(qū)域和平和民主、實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和消除貧困方面的重要作用。

我已經(jīng)說的夠多了，盡管鑒于這一事件的范圍和重要性，還有一些重要的問題需要得到回應(yīng)。

我想在今后的幾天內(nèi)，對(duì)于金磚峰會(huì)的重要性將會(huì)有更嚴(yán)肅的分析。我只需要再說一句，巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國(guó)和南美的人口加起來，已經(jīng)占據(jù)了全世界的一半。在幾十年后，中國(guó)的GDP將會(huì)超過美國(guó)。很多國(guó)家都在用人民幣交易而拒絕美元——不僅僅是巴西，還包括拉美的其他幾個(gè)重要國(guó)家，它們的大豆和谷物產(chǎn)量足以同美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在科學(xué)技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上，俄羅斯和中國(guó)能夠給南美和加勒比國(guó)家做出決定性貢獻(xiàn)。

重大的歷史事件都不是在一夜間發(fā)生的。我們已經(jīng)可以看到日益增長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜性所帶來的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)和委內(nèi)瑞拉簽署了38項(xiàng)協(xié)議?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候了解一下現(xiàn)實(shí)了。

翻頁見英文原文：

I have asked the editors of Granma to relieve me of the honor of publishing what I write on the front page of the official organ of our Party, since I am thinking of expressing personal points of view on issues which, for obvious reasons of health and time, I have not been able to present in the collective leadership bodies of the Party or state, such as Party Congresses or pertinent meetings of the National Assembly of People’s Power.

In our era, problems are increasingly more complex and news is produced at the speed of light, as many know. Nothing happens today in our world, which does not teach something to those of us who wish, and are still able, to understand new realities.

The human being is a strange mixture of blind instinct, on one hand, and conscience, on the other.

We are political animals, as, not without reason, affirmed Aristotle, who perhaps influenced humanity’s thinking more than any other ancient philosopher through his almost 200 treatises, according to reports, of which only 31 have been preserved. His teacher was Plato, who left for posterity his famous utopia about the ideal state, which in Syracuse, where he tried to apply it, almost cost him his life. His Political Theory has endured as a designation used to describe ideas as good or bad. Reactionaries often describe both Marx and Lenin as theorists, without taking into consideration that their utopias inspired Russia and China, the two countries called upon to lead a new world which will allow for human survival, if imperialism does not first unleash a criminal, exterminating war.

The Soviet Union, the socialist camp, the People’s Republic of China and North Korea helped us resist, with essential supplies and weapons, the implacable blockade of the United States, the most powerful empire ever to exist. Despite its immense power, it has not been able to squash the small country which has, a few miles off its coasts, for more than half a century, withstood its threats, pirate attacks, the hijacking of fishing boats and sinking of merchant ships, the in-flight destruction of a Cubana Airlines airplane over Barbados, the burning of schools and other similar misdeeds. When it attempted to invade our country with mercenary forces in the vanguard, transported by U.S. warships as the first wave, it was defeated in less than 72 hours. Later, counterrevolutionary bands organized and equipped by the U.S. committed acts of vandalism which led to loss of life and injury to thousands of compatriots.

The largest base of operations for activities against our country, which existed at that time, was located in the state of Florida. Over the course of time, the economic blockade was extended to other NATO countries and other Latin American allies, who during those first years were accomplices to the empire’s criminal policy which lacerated the dreams of Bolívar, Martí and hundreds of other great patriots of irrepressible revolutionary conduct in Latin America.

Our small country was not only denied our right to be an independent nation, like any other among the many in Latin America and the Caribbean, exploited and sacked by them. On the contrary our homeland’s right to independence would be stripped, and manifest destiny would fulfill its task of annexing our island as part of the United States of America’s territory.

During the recently concluded meeting in Fortaleza, an important declaration was approved by the countries which comprise the BRICS group.

The BRICS propose greater macroeconomic coordination among the principal economies, in particular the G-20, as a factor fundamental to the strengthening of prospects for effective and sustainable recovery around the world.

They announced the signing of an accord to constitute the New Development Bank with the goal of mobilizing resources for infrastructure projects and sustainable development in BRICS countries, and others which are emerging or developing.

The bank will have an initial authorized capital of 100 billion dollars. The initial capital agreed upon will be 50 billion dollars, in equal parts from the founding members. The first president of the Board of Governors will be Russia. The first president of the Administrative Council will be Brazil. The first president of the Bank will be India. The Bank headquarters will be in Shanghai.

They also announced the signing of a treaty to establish a common currency reserves fund for contingencies, with an initial size of 100 billion dollars.

Support was reaffirmed for a multilateral system of open, transparent, inclusive, non-discriminatory trade; as well as for the successful conclusion of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Doha Round.

They recognize the important role which state enterprises play in the economy, as well as small and medium sized companies, as creators of employment and wealth.

They reaffirm the need for comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with the goal of making it more representative, effective and efficient, so that it can respond appropriately to global challenges.

They reiterated condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever it might occur, and expressed their concern about the continuing threat of terrorism and extremism in Syria, while at the same time called upon all Syrian parties to commit to putting an end to terrorist acts perpetrated by Al-Qaeda, their affiliates and other terrorist organizations.

They strongly condemned the use of chemical weapons under any circumstances, and welcomed the decision by the Arab Republic of Syria to adhere to the Convention on Chemical Weapons.

They reaffirmed their commitment to contribute to a just and lasting global solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict, based on the universally recognized legal framework, which includes pertinent United Nations resolutions, the Madrid principles and the Arab Peace Initiative, and expressed support for the convocation, as soon as possible, of a conference to establish a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East.

They reaffirmed their desire that the exploration and utilization of outer space be for peaceful purposes.

They reiterated that there is no alternative to a negotiated solution to the Iranian nuclear question, and reaffirmed their support for its solution via political and diplomatic channels.

They expressed concern for the situation in Iraq, and supported the Iraqi government in its efforts to overcome the crisis, defend its national sovereignty and territorial integrity.

They expressed concern for the situation in Ukraine and issued a call for broad dialogue, abatement of the conflict, and moderation on the part of all parties involved, with the goal of finding a peaceful political solution.

They reiterated their firm condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and pointed out that the United Nations has a central role to play in the coordination of international action against terrorism, which must be conducted in accordance with international law, including the United Nations Charter, and with respect for human rights and fundamental liberties.

They recognized that climate change is one of the greatest challenges confronting humanity, and issued a call to all countries to act on the decisions adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), looking to reach, by 2015, a successful conclusion of the negotiations to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed-upon document with legal force under the Convention, applicable to all parties, in accordance with the principles and dispositions of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common responsibility, although differentiated and in accordance with respective capacities.

They affirmed the strategic importance of education for sustainable development and inclusive economic growth, and emphasized the links between culture and sustainable development.

The next BRICS Summit will be held in Russia, in July, 2015.

It might seem that this is but one more agreement among the many constantly appearing in cables released by the major Western news agencies. Nevertheless, the meaning is clear and emphatic: Latin America is the geographic area in the world where the United States has imposed the most unequal system on the planet, enjoying of its internal riches, a supply of cheap raw materials, a market for its merchandise, and has been the recipient of its gold and funds which escape their respective countries and are invested by U.S. companies in the country, or any other place in the world.

No one has ever found a response to satisfy the demands of the existent market we know today, although no one can doubt that humanity is moving toward a stage which will be more just than the human society we have known to date.

The abuses committed throughout history are repugnant. Today what is valued is what will happen on our globalized planet in the near future.

How can human beings escape the ignorance, the lack for basic resources for food, heath, education, housing, dignified employment, security and fair compensation. What is most important, must be this or not possible, in this miniscule corner of the universe. If meditating on this is of any use, it is to guarantee in reality the supremacy of human beings.

On my part, I do not have the slightest doubt that when President Xi Jinping completes the activities in his tour of this hemisphere, as did Vladímir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, both countries will be culminating one of the greatest feats of human history.

The BRICS statement approved July 15, 2014 in Fortaleza advocates for greater participation by other countries, especially those struggling for their development, with a view toward promoting cooperation and solidarity with the peoples, and specifically with those of South America, pointing out in a significant paragraph that the BRICS particularly recognize the importance of the South American Union (Unasur) in the promotion of peace and democracy regionally, in the achievement of sustainable development, and the eradication of poverty.

I have already been extensive enough, despite the fact that the range and importance of the issue demand analysis of important questions which require some response.

I thought that in subsequent days there would have been a little more serious analysis of the importance of the BRICS Summit. It would be enough to add up the inhabitants of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa to understand that, at this time, they amount to half of the world’s population. In a few decades, China’s Gross Domestic Product will surpass that of the United States. Many states are already requesting yuan and not dollars, not only Brazil, but several of the most important in Latin America, whose products like soy and corn compete with those of the United States. The contribution which Russia and China can make to science, technology and the economic development of South America and the Caribbean is decisive.

The great events of history are not forged in a day. Enormous tests and challenges of increasing complexity are on the horizon. Between China and Venezuela, 38 agreements were signed. It is time to know a little more about realities.